Thyroid Disorders

John Falcone, M.D., is a New York–based endocrinologist dedicated to the comprehensive diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders. He works closely with patients to restore hormonal balance, relieve symptoms, and improve overall metabolic health. Learn how his personalized, evidence-based approach can help you effectively manage thyroid conditions, optimize long-term health, and support your overall well-being.

What Are Thyroid Disorders?

Thyroid disorders are conditions that affect the thyroid gland, a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. The thyroid plays a critical role in regulating metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels by producing thyroid hormones (thyroxine/T4 and triiodothyronine/T3). When the thyroid produces too much or too little hormone—or becomes inflamed or structurally abnormal—multiple body systems can be affected. Thyroid disorders are common and can occur at any age, particularly in women.

What Are the Causes of Thyroid Disorders?

Thyroid disorders arise from several underlying causes. Autoimmune disease is the most common, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include iodine imbalance, genetic predisposition, pregnancy-related immune changes, certain medications, infections, and structural abnormalities such as thyroid nodules or goiter. In some cases, the cause may not be immediately identifiable and requires careful clinical evaluation.

Hashimoto's Disease

Hashimoto's Disease is an autoimmune condition and the leading cause of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). The immune system gradually damages the thyroid, reducing hormone production. Symptoms may include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, depression, dry skin, and hair thinning. The condition often develops slowly and may go undiagnosed for years without blood testing.

Graves’ Disease

Graves’ Disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). It results from antibodies that stimulate excessive thyroid hormone production. Symptoms can include weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, anxiety, tremors, and sleep disturbance. Some patients develop eye involvement (Graves’ ophthalmopathy), which may cause eye irritation or bulging.

Other Thyroid Conditions

Other thyroid disorders include thyroid nodules, thyroiditis (temporary inflammation), postpartum thyroid dysfunction, goiter, and thyroid cancer. While many nodules are benign, they require evaluation to rule out malignancy or hormone overproduction. Thyroiditis may cause temporary hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism and often resolves over time.

What Are the Treatments for Thyroid Disorders?

Treatment depends on the specific disorder, its severity, and the patient’s overall health. Hypothyroidism is typically treated with synthetic thyroid hormone replacement to restore normal hormone levels. Hyperthyroidism may be managed with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery in selected cases. Inflammatory conditions may require monitoring or short-term medications. Most thyroid disorders can be effectively managed with appropriate treatment and ongoing follow-up.

How Dr. John Falcone Can Help You with Thyroid Disorders?

Dr. John Falcone provides comprehensive evaluation and management of thyroid disorders using evidence-based, patient-centered care. He emphasizes accurate diagnosis through detailed clinical assessment, laboratory testing, and imaging when indicated. Dr. Falcone works closely with patients to develop individualized treatment plans, monitor response to therapy, and adjust care as needs change. His goal is not only to normalize thyroid levels, but also to help patients feel well, informed, and confident in managing their thyroid health.

Meet Dr. John Falcone

Dr. John Falcone is a Weill Cornell-trained Endocrinologist with the highest caliber medical education, training, board certifications and specialization for disorders and conditions of the endocrine system, practicing in the Upper East Side of NYC. Dr. Falcone places an emphasis on comprehensive care that focuses on treating a patient as a whole person with individualized treatment plans and taking the approach of maintaining health through prevention.

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