Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

John Falcone, M.D., is a New York endocrinologist dedicated to the diagnosis and management of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). He works closely with patients to evaluate hormonal imbalances, address symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles and female hair loss, and reduce associated metabolic risks.

What Is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition affecting people with ovaries, typically diagnosed during the reproductive years. It is characterized by an imbalance in reproductive hormones, which can interfere with normal ovarian function. PCOS often presents with irregular menstrual cycles, meaning periods may be infrequent, unpredictable, or absent. Some individuals may also experience symptoms related to elevated androgen (male-type hormone) levels, such as acne, excess facial or body hair, or female hair loss (also called female pattern hair thinning). Despite its name, not all patients with PCOS have ovarian cysts, and the condition varies widely in severity and presentation.

What Are the Causes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and metabolic factors. Many patients with PCOS have insulin resistance, a condition in which the body does not respond effectively to insulin. This can lead to higher insulin levels, which may stimulate the ovaries to produce excess androgens. Elevated androgen levels can disrupt ovulation and contribute to symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles and female hair loss.

Genetics also play a role; PCOS tends to run in families. Inflammation and abnormalities in the communication between the brain, ovaries, and adrenal glands may further contribute to hormonal imbalance. Importantly, PCOS is not caused by anything a patient did or did not do, and it can affect individuals of all body types.

What Are the Treatments for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

There is no single cure for PCOS, but effective treatments are available to manage symptoms and reduce long-term health risks. Treatment plans are individualized and depend on a patient’s symptoms, health goals, and whether pregnancy is desired.

Lifestyle modifications, including balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and weight management when appropriate, can improve insulin sensitivity and help regulate menstrual cycles. Medications such as hormonal contraceptives may be used to regulate periods, reduce androgen levels, and improve acne or excess hair growth. For patients concerned about female hair loss, specific medical therapies and dermatologic treatments may be recommended.

If insulin resistance is present, medications that improve insulin sensitivity may be prescribed. For patients trying to conceive, ovulation-inducing treatments can be highly effective. Long-term management also focuses on reducing risks associated with PCOS, such as type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and endometrial (uterine) abnormalities.

How Dr. John Falcone Can Help You with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

Dr. John Falcone provides comprehensive, patient-centered care for individuals with PCOS. Through careful evaluation, including medical history, laboratory testing, and imaging when appropriate, he works to establish an accurate diagnosis and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms. Dr. Falcone emphasizes education and shared decision-making, ensuring patients understand their condition and treatment options.

By developing personalized treatment plans, Dr. Falcone helps patients manage irregular menstrual cycles, address concerns such as female hair loss, and support fertility goals when desired. Ongoing follow-up allows treatment to be adjusted over time, helping patients with PCOS achieve better hormonal balance, symptom control, and long-term health.

Meet Dr. John Falcone

Dr. John Falcone is a Weill Cornell-trained Endocrinologist with the highest caliber medical education, training, board certifications and specialization for disorders and conditions of the endocrine system, practicing in the Upper East Side of NYC. Dr. Falcone places an emphasis on comprehensive care that focuses on treating a patient as a whole person with individualized treatment plans and taking the approach of maintaining health through prevention.

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